Oil spillage is an environmental problem in nigeria. Oil pollution occurs when crude oil and its refined products are spilled into the environment by the activities of man. In a concerted effort to apply epipsammic microalgae indices as a biological indicator of crude oil pollution and natural remediation in a tropical estuarine environment, the direct effect of a recent oil spill on the abundance of microalgae in the coastal shore of the qua iboe estuary was investigated. The impacts of oil spillage and gas flare have been experienced in nigeria in the recent years and its occurrence is at very fast and alarming rate in the oil producing communities george, akpabio and udofia, 2010. Companies continue to operate on the basis of short. It is the largest wetland and maintains the thirdlargest drainage basin in africa. This study examines the effects of oil spills on fish production in the niger delta of nigeria from 19812015 using an estimable cobb douglas production function. Indeed, it is one of the most significant environmental problems facing niger delta nigeria. Socioeconomic implications and environmental effects of. There are many documented cases of oil spillage in the niger delta region, southern. The importance, how to, effect causes relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed. One of these grievances related to environmental degradation caused by oil spills. These oil producing communities in nigeria have faced the brunt of this environmental problem.
Effects of oil spills on fish production in the niger delta. An indirect assessment of the effects of oil pollution on the diversity. The niger delta is the richest area of biodiversity in nigeria, but regular oil spills that are not cleaned up, blatant dumping of industrial waste and promises of development projects which are not followed through, have all added to the increasing environmental and health problems. Effects of oil spills on fish production in the niger delta plos.
Propagule and root deformities observed in january 1980 as response to the chronic effects of oil exposure after the 1978 howard star oil spill in tampa bay, florida 29 figure 2. Emerging spill risks include increased maritime activity in the arctic, deepwater exploration and development, and the rapid expansion of rail transport of crude oil. Consequential effects of oil spillage and pollutions within the nigerian. Due to traditional ways of refining oil, the number of oil spills that is happening in the niger delta is massive causing health effects to residents and marine life. Aug 24, 2012 oil spills occur largely because there is a needdemand for oil has a source of energy. Sep 17, 2012 in late december 2006, more than 200 people were killed in the lagos region of nigeria in an oil line explosion. Mutiu sunmonu, managing director of shell in nigeria, have been protecting the interests of the company for many years. Onshore oil spills can lead to irreversible environmental degradation and potentially pose hazards to human health, but scientific evidence on their health effects is lacking. The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in ilaje community, nigeria 20 the year 2000, about twenty four 24 cases of large crude oil spillages were recorded around the world including south africa when a bulk carrier called treasure carrying about.
The two major planks of the paper will be the policy trend prior to the advent of oil, the pattern since its evolution and the policy. All stages of oil exploitation impact negatively on the environment, and the greatest single intractable environmental problem caused by crude oil exploration in the niger delta region is oil spillage. Ibaba samuel ibaba is a senior lecturer with the department of political science, niger delta. The effect of oil spillage on the soil of eleme in rivers state of the nigerdelta area of nigeria. We fill this gap by studying the causal effects of onshore oil spills on neonatal and infant mortality rates. This paper attempts to highlight the areas of impact of oil on economic policy formulation in nigeria, as well as the implications and indications of the possible way forward. Officials of shell companies claim that the major part of oil spills is caused by the illegal crude oil production. In this article, weve listed 10 horrible effects of nigeria oil spill, hopefully, youll find it not just interesting but educating. Crude oil is known to contain heavy metals and oil spills contaminate the environment and can result in human exposures to heavy metals. The exploitation of oil in the niger delta region has brought to bear oil spillage and its numerous problems. During a spill, oil floats on land and water surface and forms an oil slick that is about 0. This work focused on investigation of the effects of crude oil spillage on farmland in gokana local government area of river state in nigeria. The identified effects on the communities have existed for decades, hence the communities have coped with more agitations and protest as some ways of looking for standard mitigation strategy. The niger delta region which are oil producing areas have, from time to time, suffered from the effect of oil spillage.
Schematic diagram depicting the effects of a large oil spill. Negative effects of oil spillage on beach microalgae in nigeria article pdf available in world journal of microbiology and biotechnology 214. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the nigerian. The coastal area of the niger delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in nigeria. Similarly, oil spillage refers to the unlawful release of liquid petroleum. This write up provides a detailed study of oil spillage. The term often refers to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters. The effects of oil spillage in the niger delta myschooltrick. Oil spills might take several months or even years to clean up. A significant negative effect of contamination on the salinity, acidity and nutritive salts.
Pdf effects of oil spillage on groundwater quality in nigeria. Effects of hydrocarbon pollution on local economy a thesis approved by the faculty of environmental sciences and process engineering at the brandenburg university of technology cottbus in partial. But due to war ravaging, these oil producing country militants have taken over certain oil wells. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation. The oil spills affected at least 1500 communities in the eight crude oil producing states in nigeria, and were mainly from the 5284 oil wells that were drilled as at 2006 and the 7000 km of crude oil pipeline that crisscrosses the niger delta region. Nigeria is an oil producing nation with greater percentage of. Oil spill can be caused by natural seepage, especially in the ocean, as tectonic plates shift, they may release oil from reserves trapped deep such as drilling beneath the. Most oil spills happen as a result of human errors and carelessness. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Oil spillage results in release of oil into the natural environment and is associated with activities such as extraction, refining, transportation and storage of crude oil. The study was carried out in selected communities kpoi, biara, bdere and kdere. Nigeria has the largest natural gas reserve in africa, has the second largest oil reserve in africa and is the african continents primary oil producer.
The management of oil spillage in the niger delta region of nigeria a dissertation submitted in part fulfilment of msc environmental management. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation in the niger delta of nigeria. This study examined the effects of oil spillage on the socioeconomic activities of the people and the environment in some communities in the niger delta. Impacts of oil exploration in niger delta nigeria research.
The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in. Oil spillage an oil spill according to osuji, 2004, is a release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in ilaje community, nigeria balogun s. The findings presented in this report build on previous research that exposed systemic flaws in the oil spill. Amukali university of maiduguri, borno state, nigeria abstract this paper evaluates the effects of gas flaring and oil spillage on rainwater quality for. Pdf effects of oil spillage on community development in. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management. The effects of oil spills throughout the world may be the same since the vegetation. Nigerian regulations of the oil industry are weak and rarely enforced, allowing in essence, the industry to selfregulate. It occurs due to a number of causes, including, corrosion of pipelines and tankers accounting for 50% of all spills, sabotage 28%, and oil production operations 21%, with 1% of the spills being accounted for by inadequate or nonfunctional production equipment. Still, the official oil production is only a tip of the iceberg for the oil spillage in nigeria. Hence, this study tries to find out the causes and effects of oil spillages and environmental remediation measures of the oil companies in the area. Get free research paper on the effects of oil spillage in the niger delta a case study of ughelli south local government area of delta state project topics and materials in nigeria. This study has become very imperative due to the environmental degradation occasioned by oil spill in odugboro community.
The worst oil spill caused by offshore oil drilling happened in the mexican gulf. Environmental devastation, ruined economy and deteriorating health afflict bodo community years after shell oil spill. Onshore and offshore oil drilling are some of the worst ways oil can find its way to the sea. The harmful effects of oil spill on the environment are many. Effects of gas flaring and oil spillage on rainwater. Aug 29, 2018 the niger delta region has a steady growing population of approximately 30 million people as of 2005, and accounts for more than 23% of nigerias total population. Effect of oil spills on infant mortality in nigeria pnas. Oil spillage has a major impact on the ecosystem into which it is released and many constitute ecocide. The findings suggest that oil production and spills negatively affect fish production, while farm labour has a positive effect.
Causes and solution 2 comments economics analysis by emmanuel joseph noko the negative effect of oil spillage on nigerian cannot be over emphasized, in terms poor crops harvest, aquatic destruction and impact on human health and wellbeing. Effects of oil spillage on community development in the. Due to both habitat characteristics and omnivorous. Heavy metals are known to elicit toxic effects which negatively affect human health. Spillage also results from accidents, lack of maintenance of engineering equipment and deliberate acts including oil bunkering and sabotage. Badejo abstract nigeria has a coastline of approximately 853km facing the atlantic ocean.
This paper examined the effects of oil pollution on the environment. Nov 10, 2019 the exploitation of oil in the niger delta region has brought to bear oil spillage and its numerous effects. The effects of oil spillage in the niger delta a case study of ughelli south local government area of delta state table of content chapter one introduction 1. The impact of oil spills can also ruin the ecology and economy of a particular area with longterm effects for decades. On a basic level, oil spill effects will damage waterways, marine life and plants and animals on the land. Mar 26, 2019 major new inquiry into oil spills in nigerias niger delta launched. Pdf effects of oil spillage on community development in the. Causes and effects of oil spill on our environment earth. Pdf oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. The oil spills to an extent have increased living standards of the communities and thereby instigating kidnap, killings and social tension.
Oil spills occur naturally by natural disaster, movement of tectonic plates and also as a result of inadequate trap system. Oil spill problems and management in the niger delta cdn. Oil spillage and heavy metals toxicity risk in the niger. Mar 19, 2019 onshore oil spills can lead to irreversible environmental degradation and potentially pose hazards to human health, but scientific evidence on their health effects is lacking. This paper assessed the effects of oil spillage on community development in the niger delta region of nigeria with a view to determine its adverse effects on poverty and hunger and its eradication in the region. This is approved for students in accountancy business computer science economics engineering arts. Oil is used extensively in industries to power large machinery and equipment.
Oil pollution oil spillage is another potential environmental hazard. Longterm effects of oil spills in bodo, nigeria al. Causes and terrain of oil spillage in niger delta region of. Department of environmental management, faculty of environmental sciences, nnamdi azikiwe university, awka, anambra state, nigeria. Oil drilling is one of the causes of the oil spill. In this project, we created a website housing scientific research on the health effects of oil contamination. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the nigerian coastal areas peter c.
The human health implications of crude oil spills in the. Oil spillage has a major impact on the ecosystem into which it is released. Oil spill may happen if a refinery or oil storage tank owner fails to follow acceptable environmental standards in their operations. Pdf oil spillage in nigerias upstream petroleum sector. Before we consider the many economic effects of oil spill, let us now take a look at some of its causes. Evaluation of the impacts of oil spill disaster on.
According to 6, over 6000 spills had been recorded in the 40 years of oil exploitation in nigeria, with an average of 150 spills per annum. Impacts and effects of oil spillage in niger delta nigeria. Home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7. Oil spills have a number of effects on the environment and economy. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management in the niger delta region of nigeria. Oil spill can be of two different categories the land spillage and the aquatic spillage but they all have a negative impact on both the environment and the society in general. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the effect of oil spillage on groundwater quality in the oil producing niger delta region of nigeria. Effects of gas flaring and oil spillage on rainwater collected for drinking in okpai and beneku, delta state, nigeria by a. Oil exploitation can lead to contamination of environments, which can have effects on human health. Water and sediment samples were collected from three major creeks, the alakiri creek sample point b the spillage point, the okari creek sample point c the spillage movement point, and. Some of which have technical issues hence causing oil spillage. We use oil to fuel our carstrucksbuses and so on as well as to heatlight up our homes. The devastating effects of environmental degradation a case. Pdf effects of oil spillage on groundwater quality in.
Pdf the purpose of the study was to ascertain the effect of oil spillage on groundwater quality in the oil producing niger delta region of. The effect of oil spillage and other industrial wastes on our environment have been a major concern in the warri area. Currently, many oil rigs are being drilled in seas. Oftentimes, residents of various oil producing communities in nigeria lives in agonizing conditions, economically and socially, arising from years of neglects and deprivations and severe environmental degradations, air and water pollutions, caused by the production activities of most oil and gas companies in the area.
This study examined the effect of crude oil spillage on the marine water of alakiri community in okrika local government area of rivers state, nigeria. Nacgond jiv policy brief iv national coalition on gas flaring and oil spills in the niger delta research team ibaba samuel ibaba dr. Sep 06, 2018 oil spills might take several months or even years to clean up. The effects of oil spillage in the niger delta education. Crude oil spills endanger fish hatcheries in coastal water and also contaminate valuable fish. Soil or landform is greatly important in agriculture. Since crude oil was first discovered in nigeria in 1958, oil exploration has continued in the nigerdelta. Socioeconomic implications and environmental effects of oil.
As recent as three decades ago, oil and gas based legislations. Risk and environmental implications of oil spillage in nigeria niger. According to the dpr, 1997 over 6000 spills had been recorded in the 40 years of oil exploitation in nigeria, with an average of 150 spills per annum. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. As the seat of crude oil activities, the niger delta region experiences the highest rate of oil spills in nigeria. This paper examines oil spillage as an environmental issue and considers its relatedness to family living in the niger delta region.
Negative effects of oil spillage on beach microalgae in nigeria. Specifically it seeks to understand the deleterious impact of oil spillage on the physical. Resource conflicts are prevalent in the niger delta, where oil exploration and extraction have had devastating impacts on the natural environment. In nigeria, the major cause of oil spill is lack of regular maintenance of the pipelines and storage tanks. The vast majority of nigerias oil and gas is produced in the niger delta. It further isolates types of oil spillage, overview of oil spills in the niger delta and causes of the oil spills. In the period 1976 1996, 647 incidents occurred resulting in the spillage of 2,369,407. Oil is used in one way or another in our day to day activities. Health symptoms associated with living or working in an area affected by oil contamination are often unclear and debated. Pdf negative effects of oil spillage on beach microalgae. Causes, consequences, prevention, and countermeasures.
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